北斗+渔业:北斗导航撑起渔民“保护伞”



       海上时常隐藏着风险,平安是每一位“靠海吃海”的乡民质朴的愿望。他们或许没有意识到,近些年“庇护”着渔民们航行安全的,是一股来自“天上”的科技力量——北斗导航卫星。凭借北斗卫星的指引,在茫茫大海上捕鱼的乡民们,能够清晰地找准回港的路,遇险时还可以第一时间向外界求救。北斗导航卫星,正默默为渔民们撑起了抵御大风大浪的“保护伞”。2018年,我国的北斗导航系统将向“全球组网”发起冲击,并在这一年实现率先覆盖亚太地区的目标。这也意味着,渔民尤其是从事远洋捕捞作业的渔民,将在更广阔的海域上得到导航信号的“保护”。

         北斗+渔业,不仅代表着渔业这一产业自身的技术革新,同时意味着新科技的“第三方服务”正在融入传统的农村经济,推动农村经济的繁荣和多元化。

 
       渔业神器

         如果说天气预报是渔民们出海前对抗风险的工具,那么北斗导航终端则是渔民们在海上抵抗危险的工具。即使是最轻便的GPS/ 北斗双模手机,在海面上没有电信信号的情况下,也能将所在的位置和求救信号发出去;北斗导航系统特有的“短报文”功能,还能承载补充更多具体信息的短信——内容可能是机器故障、人员突发疾病或者船体触及暗礁。对渔民来说,这是求得平安的刚性需求;而对提供北斗信号服务的运营商而言,这又是一块新兴的市场。

         即使将北斗信号服务视为运营商的通信服务,它也与以往电信运营商在乡村的服务差异巨大。在农村用手机打电话、发短信、上网,和在城市里一样,绝大都是纯粹的消费行为;但渔民们在海上使用资费相对较高的北斗手机,却是安全作业的安全保障,更像是某种生产行为。由于北斗导航技术的引进,粤西地区的渔业正在呈现出“现代”的面孔。

 
       北斗+渔业的意义,不仅在于满足渔民们急切的安全需求;更重要的是为渔业提供了一种时空的基准,使得以往孤立的无数渔船,能够统一接入一张巨大的物联网。当无数的船只都成为海洋电子地图移动着的点,渔政部门更高效管理和服务渔民就成为可能;当渔船的遇险数据、作业数据都被真实记录和有效挖掘后,哪片海域有危险、哪片海域渔获较多则有可能被呈现出来。这将大幅度提高渔业的生产效率。这也就是说,北斗导航终端不仅能“保护”渔民,还能帮助渔民获取更多的财富。

 
       技术革命

         这实际上是一种技术革命,是乡村经济的创新驱动。从“经济村史”看,上一轮技术革命大致是由二三十年前开始的,其标志是柴油内燃机取代帆布和人力桨成为渔船的动力。而这一次,随着北斗导航技术的引入,精确的渔业大数据将有可能逐步取代经验成为渔民的决策依据。如果说以往延长作业时间、购置新渔网,是一种传统的要素投资路线的话,那么北斗导航终端的配置,毫无疑问代表一种新技术的迭代。   

           乡村本身就隐藏着许许多多需求,比如在海上遇险求救,再比如对漂亮衣着的渴求。但在过去的很长一段时间,这些需求被抑制着,被放置在被市场忽视的角落。这与乡村的闭塞有关,也与商品经济在城市发展较好有关——当许多商品在城市、在海外市场都供不应求时,针对乡村需求开拓新产品、新服务自然要搁置一下。而现在,随着交通基础设施的完善,同时伴随着农民购买力的上升,一大批新技术、新业态正由城市转移、扩展至乡村,由工业迁移至农业。网购是城市扩展至乡村的产物,而应用于渔业的导航技术,最早应用于城市的交通和工业领域。

         值得注意的还有政策强有力的引导。乡村市场的特质不同于城市市场,即使是珠三角地区的某些农村,其现代市场意识、现代市场机制还没有完全成型。加之农民文化水平不高、农村财力有限等特性,乡村振兴不能单纯依靠市场自发的调节,还需要政府尤其是基层政府扮演积极的角色。渔民北斗终端的配备、光伏发电站的建设,就有很强的政策倾斜和政府推动。也正是政府顺应市场需求的努力行动,才使得乡村在短期内出现有助于乡村振兴的新业态。

上一篇:组网卫星密集发射北 斗卫星导航系统进入…

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